There are 6 "parent" graphs, or commonly used graphs
f(x)=C
f(x)=x
f(x)= |x|
f(x) =
f(x) =
f(x) =
Vertical Shift
g(x) = f(x) + c (c is the vertical shift)
+ c up, - c down
Example y= - 4
Example y= +7
Horizontal Shift
g(x) = f(x + c) horizontal shift within parenthesis, opposite of sign
+ c moves left c
- c moves right c
Example
Example
Reflections
g(x) = -f(x) When negative is outside, reflect over x-axis
g(x) = f(-x) When negative is inside, reflect over y-axis
Stretch or Shrink
g(x) = cf(x)
when c is greater than or equal to 1, stretch (steeper slope)
when c is less than 1 but c is greater than 0 (fractions), shrink (smaller slope)
example
example